Extreme Building

Green Buildings [doc]

Presentation on Green Buildings.

Download :
http://www.ziddu.com/download/19758177/ABSTRACT.doc.html

THE FLATIRON BUILDING !!!

Architect: Daniel H. Burnham & Co. Date: 1902 Construction: steel frame which is covered with a non-load-bearing limestone and terra-cotta facade -22 floors, 87m (285 feet) high Designed by the Chicago architect Daniel Burnham, known for his skyscrapers, this steel-framed terra-cotta and stone-clad skyscraper represents the developers' first (and ultimately unsuccessful) attempt to create a new business center north of Wall Street. They built it as a speculative project with the intention of renting out offices to various commercial and financial enterprises. Bearing the influence of architectural trends introduced at the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago, Burnham's eye-catching design combined elements of French and Italian Renaissance architecture in an effort to attract businesses to this formerly residential and retail-oriented neighborhood. The building's triangular plan was a clever response to the awkward site produced by the intersection of Broadway and Fifth Avenue. Its ornate but restrained facade is composed of stone and terra-cotta panels whose forms simulate the effects of rustication. Undulating bays break up the monotony of the building's tall midsection. The overall effect is that of a palazzo stretched to great height. Here, for the first time, the construction of a steel-framed skyscraper was witnessed in its entirety by the general public--a event which generated much response. The building fascinated photographers and was immortalized in the work of Edward Steichen and Alfred Steiglitz.

 This lyrical building remains the New York's oldest skyscraper. Though responsible of the chicagoan innovative Reliance, Rookery and Monadnock buildings, the architect Daniel H. Burnham, by using an exuberant mix of gothic and Renaissance detailing (also known as Beaux-Arts), was accused of retrograde classicism by other avant-garde architects as Louis Sullivan. Notwithstanding, the Fuller, quickly nicknamed the "Flatiron", was a real tour de force, because it was strictly shaped from this particular triangled site, and largely distant from its nearest neighbors. The entire conception is based upon the classical greek column. First, the building is divided in three parts, the base in rusticated buff limestone with copper-clad windows, the main body of pale-colored bricks and terra-cotta with unusual and gracious undulating oriels, and the capital represented here by arches and columns topped by a heavy projected cornice and a flat balustraded roof. The greek column character was enhanced by the rounded prow, creating the illusion of a freestanding colossal column. Seen under another angle, the Flatiron seems to be only a flat wall. For the little story, the famed New Yorker expression, "Twenty-three skiddoo" came to be because the wind drafts created by the height of the skyscraper raised women petticoats, and constables had to "skiddoo" the men who came to peek! 

Palazzo Lombardia

Palazzo Lombardia, the first CTBUH award winner from Italy, turns a government office complex into a new public space for Milan. The 160-meter-tall tower, offers sustainability measures such as green roofs and active climate walls with vertical blades that rotate to provide shade

Demolition Expert

Demolition Expert

Beijing worker risks his life to demolish part of a building

Civil Failure

Vancover - Canada

China Puts up a 30-Floor Building in 15 Days

Released by Broad Group is this video showcasing the fast turn-around time for putting together a 30-floor high rise building after factory-fabricating all the building modules in advance.

Broad Group, a private Chinese enterprise, consists of 4 distinctive companies each specializing in construction, air conditioning, air quality control and energy utilization. The Jack Welch' type CEO plus his wholly-owned subsidiary factories can turn out the pre-fabricated modules in a highly-efficient manner.

They're having several high-rise projects in the pipeline. Among one of the huge projects is a 200-floor skyscraper. FOUR months is all they need to assemble a 200-floor building claimed by Zhang Yue, the art teacher turned founder, chairman and CEO of Broad Group.

Gate Tower Building

One of the most curious building in Japan is the Gate Tower Building in Osaka, Japan. The 5th, 6th and 7th floors of this 16-story office building is occupied by an express highway - passing right through the building. On the building's floor information board on the ground floor, the tenants for the three floors are listed as the Hanshin Expressway. You can’t alight there tough as the elevator skips from the 4th floor to straight to the 8th.

The Gate Tower Building is actually the result of an unusual compromise between the land owner and the Japanese government. The land has been occupied by a wood and charcoal processing company since the early Meiji period, but the gradual move to other sources of fuel resulted in the deterioration of those company buildings. In 1983, the redevelopment of the area was decided upon, but building permits were refused because the highway was already being planned to be built over this land. The property rights' holders refused to give up, and negotiated with the Hanshin Expressway corporation for approximately 5 years to reach the current solution.

Aside from the intrusive highway, business at the Gate Tower Building is almost normal. The highway does not make contact with the building, and a structure surrounding the highway keeps noise and vibration out.

Rotating Building

Longaberger Basket Building - Newark, New Jersey, USA

Building Failure

CAUSES OF FAILURE OF FOUNDATIONS IN BUILDINGS

Causes of Foundation Failure in Buildings

Foundation failure can be attributed to several things. Most commonly foundation failure is caused by the movement of expansive and highly plastic soils beneath different sections of the foundation footings. This movement can be in the form of shrinkage, which causes settlement, or expansion, which causes heave. When dry conditions prevail, soils consistently lose moisture and shrink. When moisture levels are high, soils swell. Regardless of the nature of the movement, it will most likely manifest itself in the form of visible cracks in the foundation walls, exterior brick walls, or interior Sheetrock or plaster walls. Officially, any structure movement is known as differential settlement. 

foundation-failure-causes

In addition to expansive soils, subsurface peat, which has a low bearing capacity and deteriorates over time, can also cause differential settlement. Other soil types such as sand and silt also have lower than required bearing capacities.

Poor drainage from yard run-off and gutter downspouts discharging at the base of the foundation are among other causes. Excess moisture around the foundation can cause the soils to become over-saturated and lose “bearing pressure,” or the strength to support weight. When this happens, structures “settle” or sink into the ground.

If soil and water control problems weren’t bad enough, there is also the issue of transpiration. Transpiration is a fancy word for the process of trees and large plantings absorbing the water from the soils beneath and around your home. During an active season, roots extending beneath and around the footings of the house can remove moisture from the soil, causing it to become desiccated. Again, where expansive soils exist this removal of moisture will cause soil shrinkage and settlement. 

Plumbing leaks are another major contributor to foundation settlement. Inundating the foundation with water from your home’s pipes will cause foundation failure, as would poor drainage on the outside.

Poor construction sometimes causes settlement in homes, but only rarely.

Strange Buildings

1) Dancing House

Here’s a building that should really get your attention when walking pass it. The Dancing House is considered as one of the more real controversial buildings in Prague. The Dancing House was actually designed by a great architect from California, which only proves that he had done some type of hallucinogen while designing it.

2) Robot Building

The Bank of Asia is a very famous building in Bangkok. It was made way back in 1985, and it’s robotic appearance is just a symbol of the modernization of banking. It also has the ability to transform into a mega-robot.

3) Ripley’s Building

If you saw this picture for the first time, you’d probably thought that it was hit by a massive earthquake. But it wasn’t. In true fashion of the Ripley Legacy, it was built to reflect the odd 1812 earthquake that measured 8.0 on the rick. The building has now become one of the most photographed in the world because of it.

4) The Wilson Hall

This somewhat modernize building was actually built between 1971 and 1974. It’s unique design gives the Wilson Hall a great sense of structure, and a prominent landmark for the skyline. The building provides big laboratories, offices, and supports space for over 1500 scientists.

6) Hotel Sofitel

This hotel’s unique design was directly inspired by the traditional temples in Japan. The Tokyo Sofitel has over 72 rooms, and 11 suites with 3 non-smoking floors. And 5 meeting rooms that includes high-tech boardrooms.

7) Upside Downer

Take a journey into the unknown with a building called Wonder Works. It’s central Florida’s only upside down attraction. And an amusement park for your mind, and your stoner friends. This odd building has over 100 wacky interactive exhibits for your entire family to experience.

 Crooked House

You know that your looking at a real building right? The Crooked House was built in 2004 as an addition at a popular shopping center, and is a major tourist attraction in Sopot, Poland.

Empire State Building

1) At 1,250 ft. the Empire State Building was by far the tallest building in the world for more than 40 years.

2) The building’s most astonishing feat however, was the speed in which it rose into the New York City skyline.

3) Construction was completed in only one year and 45 days, without requiring overtime.

4) Ironworkers set a torrid pace, riveting the 58,000-ton frame together in 23 weeks.

5) While just below them, masons finished the exterior in eight months, and plumbers laid 51 miles of pipe and electricians installed 17 million ft. of telephone wire.

6) The building was so well-engineered that is was easily repaired after a bomber crashed into it in 1945.

India’s Coolest Buildings

Below is the list of some of the coolest buildings of India. The infrastructure is on boom now and we expect more of such buildings to come up soon.

1) i-flex solutions, Bangalore
Located at C.V Raman Nagar Bangalore, i-flex building has a peculiar design, architecture and superb infrastructure which distinguishes it from the other buildings . i-flex solutions is a world leader when it comes to provide solutions for Financial Sector.

2) Signature Towers, Gurgaon
Signature Towers have become the best designed office complexes in India due to its unique identity. It has a neat design and is equipped with the latest state of art technology and this is the prime reason that most of the leading multinational and Indian companies have chosen to operate their businesses from Signature Towers. The perfect location just a few hundred meters off the National Highway 8 in Gurgaon adds to the value of these towers.

3) Adobe-India’s Headquarters
Adobe-India’s Headquarters is located at NOIDA, a suburb of New Delhi. It is on an independent plot with a total carpet area of 2,00,000 square feet.In keeping with the spirit of Adobe the innovative design and bright colors characterize the new complex reflecting the vibrant and fun filled work environment. The building has state of art system for Engineering services and hence effectively combines the latest in technology with simply no- fussy, comfortable and conveniently designed work spacesAdobe building.

4) Gateway Tower Gurgaon
Gateway Tower as is appropriately coined, acts as the gateway to the 3000-acre landmark city of DLF. This 12-storey complex is spread across an area of 1.15 acres.With its ship-like shape, Gateway Tower presents futuristic architecture, which is also reflected in its interiors with floor plates measuring to 85,000 sq.ft. The unique feature of this complex is its high visibility and compact office space. The tenants comprises of Ariba, Planet Sports, Corning, Cargill, Innodata, Korn and Ferry, GE Plastics to name a few.

5) Gigaspace IT Park Pune
Gigaspace IT Park in pune comprises state-of-art Intelligent Buildings that incorporate up to date technology, which creates a healthy, more productive and energy conserving work environment, critical factors in a 24x7x365 work scenario.The buildings also conform to Vaastu Shastra norms. A key feature is a great number of buildings, each with and optimum plate area. The buildings vary from 60,000 sq.ft to 150,000 sq.ft. with floor plates of 12,000 to 30,000 sq.ft.

6) HSBC Building Pune
HSBC in Pune has a team of 1400+ professionals operating from a state-of-the-art building in Kalyani Nagar, which has become a landmark in Pune due to its surroundings, ambience and international work culture.GLT is expanding its infrastructure with an adjacent building to cater to the expected growth in the current year.

7) Infinity Towers, Kolkata 

Located at Rajarhat in New Town, Kolkata; DLF IT Park is designed by the renowned architect Hafeez Contractor.With a super area of 1.3 million sq.ft, this complex of three independent towers and a retail complex is built around a large landscaped garden.It has large, efficient floor plates, wide column span and high floor-to-floor clearances. With a premium building finish and a combination of attractive glass facade, stones and metal panels, the buildings will stand out as the new generation workplace. The design ensures that while the retail complex provides the facilities for the office area, it does not impinge on the office area by virtue of its clearly separated traffic flow.

8 ) Infosys Multiplex, Mysore
A key highlight of the Mysore campus is the multiplex and auditorium complex which has a capacity of 1,300.The complex also houses 3 multiplex theatres with a capacity of 150 seats each.

9) Statesman House, Delhi
Statesman House is located in Barakhamba Road in the middle of Connaught Place and is one of the most imposing structures in Delhi.It’s a huge circular building and is quite majestic. Statesman House recently received occupation certificate and has found takers from the banking, finance and insurance sectors.

Civil Engineering Building the Future

Civil engineers have one of the world's most important jobs: they build our quality of life. With creativity and technical skill, civil engineers plan, design, construct and operate the facilities essential to modern life, ranging from bridges and highway systems to water treatment plants and energy­efficient buildings. Civil engineers are problem solvers, meeting the challenges of pollution, traffic congestion, drinking water and energy needs, urban redevelopment and community planning.

As the technological revolution expands, as the world's population increases, and as environmental concerns mount, civil engineering skills will be needed throughout the world. Whatever area you choose, be it design, construction, research, planning, teaching or management, civil engineering offers you a wide range of career choices. And there's no limit to the personal satisfaction you will feel from helping to make our world a better place to live.

There are seven major, interrelated branches of civil engineering:

Structural Engineering

Structural engineers face the challenge of designing structures that support their own weight and the loads they carry, and that resist extreme forces from wind, earthquakes, bombings, temperature and others. Bridges, buildings, amusement park rides and many other kinds of projects are included within this speciality. Structural engineers develop appropriate combinations of steel, concrete, timber, plastic and new exotic materials. They also plan and design, and visit project sites to make sure work is done properly.

Environmental Engineering

The skills of environmental engineers have become increasingly important as we protect our fragile resources. Environmental engineers translate physical, chemical and biological processes into systems to destroy toxic substances, remove pollutants from water, reduce non­hazardous solid waste volumes, eliminate contaminants from the air and develop groundwater supplies. Environmental engineers are called upon to resolve the problems of providing safe drinking water, cleaning up contaminated sites with hazardous materials, disposing of wastewater and managing solid wastes.

Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical engineering is required in all aspects of civil engineering because most projects are supported by the ground. A geotechnical engineer may develop projects below the ground, such as tunnels, foundations and offshore platforms. They analyse the properties of soil and rock that support and affect the behaviour of these structures. They evaluate potential settlements of buildings, the stability of slopes and fills, the seepage of ground water and the effects of earthquakes. They investigate rocks and soils at a project site and determine the best way to support a structure in the ground. They also take part in the design and construction of dams, embankments and retaining walls.

Water Resources Engineering

Water is essential to our lives, and water resources engineers deal with the physical control of water. They work with others to prevent floods, supply water for cities, industry and agriculture, to protect beaches or to manage and redirect rivers. They design, construct and maintain hydroelectric power facilities, canals, dams, pipelines, pumping stations, locks, seaport facilities or even waterslides.

Transportation Engineering

The quality of a community is directly related to the quality of its transportation system. Transportation engineers work to move people, goods and materials safely and efficiently. They find ways to meet our ever-increasing travel needs on land, air and sea. They design, construct and maintain all types of transportation facilities, including airports, highways, railroads, mass transit systems and ports. An important part of transportation engineering is upgrading our transportation capability by improving traffic control and mass transit systems, and by introducing high­speed trains, people movers and other intermodal transportation methods.

Construction Engineering

The construction phase of a project represents the first tangible result of a design. Using technical and management skills, construction engineers turn designs into reality ­ on time and within budget. They apply their knowledge of construction methods and equipment, along with the principles of financing, planning and managing, to turn the designs of other engineers into successful facilities.

Urban and Community Planning

Planners are concerned with the full development of a community. They analyse a variety of information to co-ordinate projects, such as projecting street patterns, identifying park and recreation areas, and determining areas for industrial and residential growth. They employ their technical and people skills to co-ordinate with other authorities to integrate freeways, airports and other related facilities.

Qualifications and Trends

More and more, those entering the civil engineering field must have skills in communication, computers, management and foreign languages, as well as advanced knowledge in a speciality within civil engineering. Students increasingly need to have knowledge of foreign languages or cultures, because many civil engineering mega projects are now overseas: Petronas Towers in Malaysia, the Channel Tunnel in Europe and the new Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan, which is the longest suspension bridge in the world.
Engineers with geotechnical and environmental engineering expertise remain in strong demand because environmental concerns touch all infrastructure projects. Robotics and computer skills are also prized in civil engineering as automation and information technologies continue to evolve the civil engineering workplace. Today's engineers will see more specialisation, working in teams, globalisation, new materials and increased use of computer applications.
Today, engineers must continue their education long after their bachelor's degree. Whether through continuing education and professional development programs, many of which are offered through ASCE, or master's degree programs, students will need to increase their knowledge base to remain competitive. In addition, more and more employers are encouraging employees to earn master's degrees and become licensed professional engineers.

Future Demand and Salaries

The demand for civil engineers will remain strong. According to the U.S. Department of Labor, the number of U.S. civil engineering jobs will increase from the current 184,500 (1994 figure) to 218,700 by the year 2005. That growth rate is average for most job fields. The market for engineers in the U.S. is in infrastructure renewal, as so much of our infrastructure - from highways and bridges to water treatment systems and dams - are decaying and in need of repair. In 1998, the U.S. Congress passed a new transportation funding bill that increases spending by 40 percent to rebuild some 150,000 miles of roads. The new funding will create 1.4 million new jobs in the transportation construction industry, according to the American Road and Transportation Builders. Many engineering firms and state transportation departments are understaffed to handle all the work.

According to the most recent U.S. salary survey conducted by ASCE in 1995, entry-level civil engineers earn an average of $32,000; mid-career engineers earn $52,000-$58,000; and senior engineers average $73,000-$86,000.

Construction of Pre-fabricated Building Components Using Flyash

Abstract: In today’s world, where speed and convenience play a big part in influencing the use of any product, the age of prefabricated housing products seems to have finally arrived. The usefulness of these products help significantly in speeding up construction by offering ready-to-install building elements such as blocks, joist beams, roof blocks and panels is being widely recognised in the industry.

Pre-fabricated components are becoming immensely popular due to the several attractive advantages that they offer, such as off-site fabrication, which allows reduction in construction time and this function helps greatly in managing the schedule of the construction project. Due to their low density, the prefabricated components impose a relatively lighter load on the structure and superior quality can also be achieved as these components are manufactured under a strictly controlled environment.

In recent times few innovations in the field of materials are expected to make these products even more popular, user friendly and eco friendly. The present paper discusses on the manufacturing of prefabricated building components using fly ash, and explains regarding fabrication, centring, placing, applications and the advantages over the monolithic construction. This paper aims to popularize the promotion of prefabrication building methodologies for low cost housing by highlighting the different prefabrication components and techniques, and the economical advantages achieved by its adoption.

Download : 

http://www.ziddu.com/download/19563485/CONSTRUCTIONOFPREFABRICATEDBUILDING.pdf.html